A recently charged battery will hold a residual charge from the charger, so letting the battery sit for 12 hours will release that residual charge and give you a more accurate sense on how the battery will perform under normal circumstances. For any load test to be accurate, the battery must be fully charged and left to sit 12 hours before load testing the battery. Your local automotive shop is more than able to load test your battery, but it's quite easy to do at home and all you need is a digital voltmeter. The majority of replacement battery purchases occur when the original battery has reached this point. At this point, charging alone will not restore the battery to a healthy condition. Charging a sulfated battery is like trying to wash your hands while wearing gloves. Sulfation decreases the potential to reach a full charge, and it self-discharges the battery quicker than normal. This covers the surface area of the plates, removing the chemicals needed to produce power. But if a battery sat, uncharged, severely discharged, and/or drained for extended periods of time, the sulfation will increase in size and harden onto the plates. Naturally, re-charging the battery will reverse the sulfation crystals and turn it back into electrolyte, ready to produce power again. Sulfation is the natural byproduct when the battery discharges.
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