Element synonym etynomolgy10/6/2023 Īll other isotopes of aluminium are radioactive. The standard atomic weight of aluminium is low in comparison with many other metals. This makes aluminium very useful in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as its single stable isotope has a high NMR sensitivity. Nearly all aluminium on Earth is present as this isotope, which makes it a mononuclidic element and means that its standard atomic weight is virtually the same as that of the isotope. the only one that has existed on Earth in its current form since the formation of the planet. It is the only primordial aluminium isotope, i.e. This situation is common for elements with an odd atomic number. Because of the abundance of these salts, the potential for a biological role for them is of interest, and studies continue. In the 21st century, most aluminium was consumed in transportation, engineering, construction, and packaging in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan.ĭespite its prevalence in the environment, no living organism is known to use aluminium salts for metabolism, but aluminium is well tolerated by plants and animals. In 1954, aluminium became the most produced non-ferrous metal, surpassing copper. In World Wars I and II, aluminium was a crucial strategic resource for aviation. Aluminium became much more available to the public with the Hall–Héroult process developed independently by French engineer Paul Héroult and American engineer Charles Martin Hall in 1886, and the mass production of aluminium led to its extensive use in industry and everyday life. The first industrial production of aluminium was initiated by French chemist Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville in 1856. The discovery of aluminium was announced in 1825 by Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted. It is obtained industrially by mining bauxite, a sedimentary rock rich in aluminium minerals. The strong affinity towards oxygen leads to aluminium's common association with oxygen in nature in the form of oxides for this reason, aluminium is found on Earth primarily in rocks in the crust, where it is the third-most abundant element, after oxygen and silicon, rather than in the mantle, and virtually never as the free metal. The aluminium cation Al 3+ is small and highly charged as such, it is polarizing, and bonds aluminium forms tend towards covalency. The radioactivity of 26Al is used in radiometric dating.Ĭhemically, aluminium is a post-transition metal in the boron group as is common for the group, aluminium forms compounds primarily in the +3 oxidation state. It has one stable isotope: 27Al, which is highly abundant, making aluminium the twelfth-most common element in the universe. Aluminium visually resembles silver, both in its color and in its great ability to reflect light. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals about one-third that of steel. Aluminium ( aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13.
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